• NEANIAS Atmospheric Research Community

Аннотация. Одной из проблем современного виноделия является использование диоксида серы, необходимого для предотвращения окисления и защиты сусла и вина от нежелательных микроорганизмов. Однако его негативное воздействие на здоровье потребителей вызвало необходимость поиска альтернативных методов обработки, позволяющих заменить или минимизировать использование SO2 в технологическом процессе. Одним из путей решения данной проблемы является использование микроорганизмов. Производители органической винопродукции отдают предпочтение штаммам дрожжей, продуцирующим небольшое количество сульфитов в процессе брожения, однако ассортимент препаратов, содержащих такие штаммы, невелик. Несмотря на многочисленные исследования в данном направлении, в настоящее время отсутствуют критерии выбора штаммов, способствующих снижению используемых доз SO2. В статье изложен новый методологический подход к оценке культур дрожжей для производства вин с нулевой (органических) и пониженной SO2-нагрузкой. Исследования проводили на 17 штаммах дрожжей (Sacch. cerevisiae) из ЦКП Коллекция микроорганизмов виноделия «Магарач». Методы, используемые при поведении исследований, являются стандартизированными или общепринятыми в энологической практике. На основании анализа информации о метаболизме диоксида серы и механизмах SO2-резистентности Saccharomyces был обоснован круг потенциальных критериев отбора культуры дрожжей для виноделия с нулевой и/или пониженной SO2-нагрузкой – степень устойчивости дрожжей к диоксиду серы, оцениваемой по изменению ростовой активности культуры при внесении диоксида серы, и способность синтезировать ацетальдегид и диоксид серы в процессе роста. Установлены режимы и параметры культивирования дрожжей для оценки степени их сульфитоустойчивости, способности к синтезу ацетальдегида и диоксида серы. На основании результатов статистической обработки экспериментальных данных разработана методология оценки культур дрожжей для производства органических вин и вин с пониженным содержанием сульфитов. Abstract. One of the problems of modern winemaking is the use of sulfur dioxide, necessary to prevent oxidation and protect the must and wine from uncontrolled microorganisms. However, its negative impact on the health of consumers has necessitated finding alternative treatment methods to replace or minimize the use of SO2 in technological process. One of the ways to solve this problem is to use microorganisms. Producers of organic wine products prefer yeast strains that give a small amount of sulfites during fermentation, but the range of preparations containing such strains is small. Despite numerous studies in this area, there are currently no criteria for selecting strains that help reducing the doses of SO2 used. The article presents a new methodological approach to the assessing of yeast cultures for the production of wines with zero (organic) and reduced SO2-load. The studies were carried out on 17 yeast strains (Sacch. cerevisiae) from the Magarach Common Use Center: Collection of Winemaking Microorganisms. The methods used in conducting the research are standardized or generally accepted in oenological practice. Based on the analysis of information on the metabolism of sulfur dioxide and the mechanisms of SO2-resistance of Saccharomyces, a range of potential criteria for selecting a yeast culture for winemaking with zero and/or reduced SO2-load was substantiated, i.e. the degree of yeast resistance to sulfur dioxide, assessed by the change in growth activity of the culture at the introduction of sulfur dioxide, and the ability to synthesize acetaldehyde and sulfur dioxide during growth. The modes and parameters of yeast cultivation were established to assess the degree of their sulfite resistance, the ability to synthesize acetaldehyde and sulfur dioxide. Based on the results of experimental data statistical processing, a methodology of assessing yeast cultures for the production of organic wines and wines with a reduced content of sulfites was developed. Magarach Vinogradstvo i Vinodelie, Выпуск 1 (123) 2023, Pages 87-94

[ES] Se ha estudiado el papel de los contaminantes atmosféricos NO2 y SOj y de una mezcla de ambos, en la corrosión y formación de pátina sobre el cobre expuesto en atmósferas húmedas. Por lo general, el efecto combinado de los dos contaminantes es mayor que la suma de los efectos individuales, aunque se han encontrado excepciones con la mezcla de 800 |lg/m^ NO2 + 800 |lg/m SO2. El análisis por XPS ha revelado cambios importantes en la composición de las películas superficiales más externas formadas sobre el cobre, según la naturaleza del contaminante y nivel de humedad. En la exposición al SO2 se ha revelado la formación de sulfatos y sulfitos a todas las humedades ensayadas (50, 70 y 90 % HR). En la exposición al NO2 se han detectado nitratos y nitritos, pero sólo cuando la humedad atmosférica era del 50 y 70 % RH, y no al 90 % RH. Curiosamente, en la exposición a la mezcla de NO2 y SO2 al 90 % HR se ha detectado la presencia de un compuesto hidrogenado de nitrógeno. En esta atmósfera se ha observado un ligero efecto inhibidor. [EN] A study has been made of the individual and combined roles of NO2 and SO2 atmospheric contaminants on corrosion and patina formation on copper in humid atmospheres. In most cases the combined effect of the two contaminants has been greater than the sum of their individual effects, although exception have been found with the mixture of800|ig/m^NO2 + 800 jig/m SOj- XPS analysis has revealed important composition changes in the outermost layer of films formed on copper, depending on the nature of the atmospheric contaminant and humidity level. The presence of sulphates and sulphites has been clearly observed in exposure to atmospheres contaminated with SO2 at 50, 70 and 90 % RH. Nitrates and nitrites have been detected in exposure to NO2 at 50 and 70 %RH, but not at 90 % RH. A hydrogenated nitrogen compound has been detected with the mixture of NO2 and SO2 at 90 % RH .In this atmosphere, a certain inhibiting effect has been seen. 10 pages, 8 figures. Peer reviewed

Information about the height and loading of sulfur dioxide (SO2) plumes from volcanic eruptions is crucial for aviation safety and for assessing the effect of sulfate aerosols on climate. While SO2 layer height has been successfully retrieved from backscattered Earthshine ultraviolet (UV) radiances measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), previously demonstrated techniques are computationally intensive and not suitable for near real-time applications. In this study, we introduce a new OMI algorithm for fast retrievals of effective volcanic SO2 layer height. We apply the Full Physics Inverse Learning Machine (FP_ILM) algorithm to OMI radiances in the spectral range of 310–330 nm. This approach consists of a training phase that utilizes extensive radiative transfer calculations to generate a large dataset of synthetic radiance spectra for geophysical parameters representing the OMI measurement conditions. The principal components of the spectra from this dataset in addition to a few geophysical parameters are used to train a neural network to solve the inverse problem and predict the SO2 layer height. This is followed by applying the trained inverse model to real OMI measurements to retrieve the effective SO2 plume heights. The algorithm has been tested on several major eruptions during the OMI data record. The results for the 2008 Kasatochi, 2014 Kelud, 2015 Calbuco, and 2019 Raikoke eruption cases are presented here and compared with volcanic plume heights estimated with other satellite sensors. For the most part, OMI-retrieved effective SO2 heights agree well with the lidar measurements of aerosol layer height from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) and thermal infrared retrievals of SO2 heights from the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI). The errors in OMI retrieved SO2 heights are estimated to be 1–1.5 km for plumes with relatively large SO2 signals (> 40 DU). The algorithm is very fast and retrieves plume height in less than 10 min for an entire OMI orbit. This approach offers a promising prospect of using physics-based machine learning applications to other instruments.

The use of technology and transportation to meet human needs that are increasingly complex turns out to cause various environmental problems. One of the problems caused is air pollution due to motor vehicle exhaust emissions. This study aims to determine the impact of air pollution on the health of employees guarding the substation of Slipi 2 toll road and Tanjung Duren Jakarta. Data were taken from respondents using the questionnaire survey method and the Impinger Air Sampler for measuring NO2 and SO2 levels. Sampling is by the number of employees of Slipi 2 toll booths and Tanjung Duren, as many as 32 people. Of the 32 respondents almost all experienced subjective complaints arising from NO2 and SO2 gas. Based on statistical tests using SPSS with Two Way ANOVA method that has been done shows that health complaints are affected by NO2, SO2, and work locations. Based on the results of the data processing interaction test using the SPSS program shows the interaction between the influence of NO2 or SO2 and the work location.

This Product User Manual (PUM) describes the technical characteristics of the S5p/TROPOMI SO2 LH L2 geophysical data product that is needed for efficient and correct use of the data contained and the structure of the L2 datafile is described. A description of the related retrieval SO2 layer height algorithm can be found in the S5P+I SO2LH ATBD.

IASI retrievals for SO2 used in [Lachatre et al., 2020], developed from [Carboni et al., 2012, Carboni et al., 2016].